2026年美國期中選舉進入倒數,傳白宮已秘密擬定多項計畫,準備在民主黨奪回國會控制權後,仍以行政命令持續推進移民、關稅、住房與支出等核心議程,同時為可能面臨的國會調查預做準備。
Trump White House maps path to govern without Congress if Democrats win https://t.co/gyUjGqxk4s
— Reuters Legal (@ReutersLegal) November 1, 2026
路透報導,知情人士透露,白宮副幕僚長米勒(Stephen Miller)與管理與預算辦公室(Office of Management and Budget)局長沃特(Russell Vought)等資深官員,自4月起便與白宮法律顧問辦公室合作,準備川普(Donald Trump)無需國會批准即可採取的單邊行動,涵蓋對關鍵礦物與風力渦輪機進口加徵關稅、收緊國際學生與臨時外籍勞工簽證規定,以及降低住房與營建成本等措施。各聯邦機構也已提交相關提案與法律評估。
白宮法律顧問沙夫(Will Scharf)團隊正同步評估川普可合法單獨行使的權限邊界,以及如何在法庭上為相關決定辯護,並研擬是否援引行政特權,以保護與私人顧問的通訊免受國會檢視。川普本人已獲簡報並參與相關討論,知情人士形容他對在民主黨掌控國會下以行政權力執政「非常自在」。
此規劃凸顯期中選舉的矛盾本質。民主黨若要翻轉共和黨目前在眾議院218對214、參議院53對47的微弱多數,需在兩院各淨增4席;民調普遍看好民主黨奪下眾議院,參議院則仍膠著。
根據《國會山報》(The Hill)民調夥伴決策桌總部(Decision Desk HQ)預測,民主黨贏得眾議院機率達83%,參議院則為63%。即便失去立法多數,川普仍握有貿易、外交政策與聯邦官僚體系的廣泛行政權力,他自2025年1月重返白宮以來已積極運用,包括以行政命令大規模加徵關稅、強化移民執法、縮減聯邦人力,並在未獲國會新法授權下推進對伊朗等外交目標;唯一主要例外是2025年7月由共和黨掌控國會通過並由其簽署的大規模稅務與支出削減法案。
Reuters reports that the Trump White House has spent months preparing to govern through executive action if Democrats take control of Congress in the 3 November midterms. Officials are examining measures on immigration, tariffs, housing and federal spending, while preparing for congressional investigations. This is more than routine contingency planning. It exposes a structural tension in US governance: an administration elected to exercise executive authority is preparing to reduce its dependence on the legislature when opposition threatens its programme. The strategy reflects an expansive view of presidential power, especially where Congress has delegated discretion or existing statutes provide executive latitude. Yet the Constitution does not make the president a substitute for Congress. Article I vests legislative power in Congress; Article II assigns executive power to the president. Congress controls appropriations, legislation and confirmation of many senior appointments. A Democratic majority could block new legislation and nominees, constrain spending, issue subpoenas and investigate the use of public authority. Courts remain able to review executive actions that exceed legal limits. The reported plans on tariffs, visas and the allocation of already-authorised funds show where the struggle is likely to concentrate: control over economic policy and the state apparatus. Using existing appropriations or emergency powers to pursue policy without fresh legislation tests the boundary between implementing laws and reshaping them. This matters because public spending and trade policy distribute costs, benefits and influence across society. The issue is not simply whether Trump can govern without Congress. It is whether repeated reliance on executive discretion normalises a presidency that treats legislative resistance as an obstacle to bypass. A Democratic victory would not automatically restore institutional balance, but it would create checks through oversight, funding decisions and appointments. The outcome depends on whether Congress asserts those powers and courts enforce constitutional limits. The midterms are also a test of the US separation of powers, and of how much authority one branch accumulates when polarisation weakens institutional restraint. #USPolitics #Trump #USMidterms #ExecutivePower #ConstitutionalLaw
— Sohail Ahmad (@sohailanalysis) November 1, 2026
川普本人在接受《紐約郵報》(New York Post)「Pod Force One」播客主持人德文(Miranda Devine)專訪時,明確表態若共和黨失去兩院控制權,將採取否決策略。「嗯,如果真發生了,我猜我會變成『否決先生』(Mr. Veto),我不會讓他們得逞」,「然後在某個時候,我們大概會做交易。這就是發生在我身上的情況。這不會是第一次有總統沒有眾議院或參議院」。他進一步解釋,「他們會把東西送上來。你否決它,最後在一兩個個月所有東西都被否決之後,你把他們收過來再做交易。我認為大概會這樣發生,但希望我們不必擔心他們」。
這並非川普首次面臨分裂政府,他早在第一任期曾因共和黨失去眾議院而多次動用否決權,包括阻擋國會終止他為修建美墨邊境牆而宣布的國家緊急狀態,以及限制對沙烏地阿拉伯在葉門內戰援助與對伊朗軍事行動的戰爭權力決議;民主黨當時難以湊齊三分之二多數推翻否決。
然而,民主黨掌控國會仍將構成重大障礙。參議院多數可讓民主黨阻擋川普的司法與行政部門人事提名,包括任何最高法院人選;田納西大學公共政策教授布施(Andrew Busch)預期,「他們會非常不願批准總統的任何任命」。民主黨也可拒絕通過川普支持的立法,但川普同樣能否決不合意的民主黨法案,且民主黨在眾議院恐難取得推翻否決所需的三分之二票數。
川普已多次援引國家緊急狀態擴大單邊行動空間,國會雖可投票終止緊急狀態,但川普可再行使否決,同樣需兩院三分之二多數才能推翻。此外,法院可能阻止超越法定權限的行政行動,白宮計畫尋求司法部法律意見,以確認可行範圍並預做訴訟防禦。
真正最難規避的挑戰是國會調查。路透先前報導,眾議院民主黨資深議員與委員會幕僚已討論以聽證會、傳票與文件調閱,檢視川普是否利用總統權力為自己、盟友或捐款人謀利。白宮律師已向政治任命官員與機關首長簡報如何應對國會質詢、文件要求與傳票,並建議謹慎書面記錄。
白宮發言人比斯(Lauren Bis)則否認共和黨可能失利的前景,批評媒體炒作虛假敘事,並強調「本屆政府與有常識的共和黨人將繼續確保邊境安全、恢復法律與秩序,把更多錢放回勤奮美國人的口袋,並為美國人民帶來勝利」。
《Inside Elections》編輯岡薩雷斯(Nathan Gonzales)指出,川普過去2年「基本上忽略國會,盡可能透過行政命令與行政權力行事」,若民主黨取得多數,「我認為他還是會繼續這麼做」。